Whether economics is considered a science is a matter of debate and perspective. Economics is often categorized as a social science, but it doesn’t fit neatly into the traditional definition of a science like physics or chemistry. Here are some key points to consider:

1. Scientific Method: Economics does employ the scientific method to some extent. Economists formulate hypotheses, gather data, analyze it, and test their theories. They use mathematical and statistical tools to model economic behavior and make predictions.
2. Empirical Research: Economists conduct empirical research to understand and explain economic phenomena. They use data to test and refine economic theories, which is a fundamental characteristic of a science.
3. Predictive Power: Economics often struggles with making accurate predictions, especially in complex and dynamic systems. This is a key criterion for some to consider a field a science.
4. Human Behavior: Economics deals with human behavior, which can be influenced by a wide range of factors, including psychology, culture, and politics. This complexity can make it challenging to develop precise and universally applicable theories.
5. Normative vs. Positive Economics: Economics encompasses both positive economics (describing how things are) and normative economics (prescribing how things should be). While positive economics can be more scientific, normative economics involves value judgments and policy recommendations that are less scientific in nature.

In summary, economics exhibits some characteristics of a science, such as using the scientific method and empirical research. However, its status as a science can be debated due to the challenges it faces in making accurate predictions and the influence of various non-economic factors on human behavior. Economics is often considered a social science because it primarily studies human interactions within economic systems.

Literary criticism is not typically considered a science in the same way that physics or biology are considered natural sciences. Instead, it falls under the category of humanities or social sciences. Here’s why:

1. Subject Matter: Literary criticism deals with the analysis, interpretation, and evaluation of literature, including novels, poetry, plays, and other forms of creative writing. Its focus is on the artistic and cultural aspects of literature, which are subjective and open to interpretation.
2. Subjectivity: Literary criticism often involves subjective judgments and interpretations. Critics may have different viewpoints and opinions about a particular piece of literature, and there is no single “correct” interpretation.
3. Lack of Empirical Testing: Literary criticism doesn’t typically involve empirical testing or the scientific method as natural sciences do. Instead, it relies on qualitative analysis, literary theory, and historical context to understand and critique works of literature.
4. Interdisciplinary Nature: Literary criticism draws on various disciplines, including literature, history, philosophy, psychology, and sociology. This interdisciplinary approach reflects its focus on the cultural and humanistic aspects of literature.
5. Artistic and Cultural Exploration: Literary criticism is primarily concerned with exploring the artistic and cultural dimensions of literature. It seeks to understand the meaning, symbolism, and cultural significance of literary works.

While literary criticism may not be a natural science, it is a valuable field of study that contributes to our understanding of literature and its role in society. It provides insights into the human experience, cultural norms, and the creative expressions of authors, making it an important part of the humanities and social sciences.